The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing globally. Obesity is a complicated disorder that causes the person to experience health problems as a result of excessive excess fat tissue in the body.
Obesity is defined as being overweight for a given height due to an increase in body fat. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple measure of height-weight that is commonly used to predict overweight and obesity in adults. BMI is calculated by dividing your weight (in kilograms) by the square of your height (in metres).
Obesity is considered a chronic disease. It can lead to difficulties in daily life. It can threaten health and lead to diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea syndrome. Bariatric surgery helps to lose weight in a sustainable way and to control these diseases. However, having surgery is an important decision and requires good preparation.
Surgical methods such as Adjustable Gastric Band, Sleeve Gastrectomy, Gastric Bypass, Biliopancreatic diversion are used, and the developing technology makes it possible to apply these methods laparoscopically.
Sleeve Gastrectomy is one of the procedures of tube stomach surgery and obesity surgery among the people. Its development dates back to the late 2000s. It consists of surgically removing 3/4 of the stomach to make a small gastric tube. This also makes it possible to reduce the amount of food absorbed and the secretion of a hormone that increases appetite (ghrelin). It is a definitive and irreversible anatomical modification. This intervention is sometimes recommended as the first step of Gastric By-Pass or other less frequent interventions. Necessary conditions for gastric sleeve surgery;
Your body mass index (BMI) is over 40 or between 35 and 40 associated with a medical complication related to your weight (diabetes, high blood pressure, severe sleep apnea, osteoarthritis of the hip or knee).
It is when you agree to change your eating habits during long-term preparation to adapt to your future intervention. This is a necessary condition for a good long-term outcome and will be done during a complete pre-operative evaluation that takes several months (6 to 12 months). This will give you time to consider your decision, learn about other procedures, and prepare questions you want to ask your surgeon at your next consultation. There is never an urgent need for bariatric surgery.
Gastric sleeve surgery is performed under general anesthesia and laparoscopy is generally preferred. The practice of laparoscopic surgery can lead to very exceptional complications, which can be serious (bowel perforation, bleeding in the wall or abdominal organs). Immediate recognition usually allows a sequela-free repair, but sometimes it may not be noticed during surgery and may require reoperation a few days later. As with any surgical intervention, there are vital risks (mortality: 0.1%) when performing gastric sleeve surgery.
There is a risk of leakage from the stitches in the stomach. This is called a fistula (1-2%). This can cause abscess and even peritonitis. Therefore, it is a serious complication that may require medical treatment (interventional fibroscopy and/or radio-controlled puncture) or re-operation to flush and drain the fistula, prolonged hospitalization that can take several weeks, and replacement of artificial feeding. This complication usually occurs within the first few days. In addition, there is a risk of bleeding (1-2%) that requires close monitoring in the first days. There is a rare (<1%) risk of phlebitis (clot in the veins) and pulmonary embolism. Therefore, you will be asked to take action the next day, wear compression stockings, and have injections to thin the blood after surgery.
As a late complication, reflux (30-40% of cases) occurs with a burning sensation in some cases when the stomach contents come towards the esophagus. Usually, medical treatment is sufficient to control it, but it requires follow-up. If medical treatment is not effective, it is sometimes necessary to convert to Gastric Bypass with a second surgery. This acid reflux can cause serious complications in the esophagus (esophagitis, dysplasia, narrowing of the esophagus) for several years and should therefore be reported.
Gastric sleeve surgery leads to a significant reduction in the amount of absorbed food and vitamins. This situation can also occur with the appearance of vomiting or intestinal infection. For this reason, it is necessary to take vitamin supplements every day in the first year and then adapt it according to the general situation.
In the years after sleeve gastrectomy, enlargement of the gastric tube may occur and cause weight gain. This is the result of inappropriate eating behavior. Dumping syndrome is a very unpleasant discomfort (palpitations, nausea, headache, diarrhea) that occurs after the consumption of foods that are very rich (especially in alcohol or sugar) or when they are absorbed too quickly. On your own in a few minutes
